Aeneid 1.1-209
Arma virumque cano, Trojae qui primus ab oris
Italiam fato profugus Lavinaque venit
litora - multum ille et terris jactatus et alto
vi superum, saevae memorem Junonis ob iram,
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem
inferretque deos Latio - genus unde Latinum
Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae.
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso
quidve dolens regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Urbs antiqua fuit (Tyrii tenuere coloni)
Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe
ostia dives opum studiisque asperrima belli;
quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam
posthabita coluisse Samo: hic illius arma,
hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse,
si qua fata sinant, jam tum tenditque fovetque.
Progeniem sed enim Trojano a sanguine duci
audierat Tyrias olim quae verteret arces;
hinc populum lātē regem bellōque superbum
ventūrum excidiō Libyae: sīc volvere Parcās.
Id metuēns, veterisque memor Sāturnia bellī,
prīma quod ad Trōiam prō cārīs gesserat Argīs
(necdum etiam causae īrārum saevīque dolōrēs
exciderant animō: manet altā mente repostum
iūdicium Paridis sprētaeque iniūria fōrmae,
et genus invīsum, et raptī Ganymēdis honōrēs)
Hīs accēnsa super, iactātōs aequore tōtō
Trōas, rēliquiās Danaum atque immītis Achillī
arcēbat longē Latiō, multōsque per annōs
errābant, āctī Fātīs, maria omnia circum.
Tantae mōlis erat Rōmānam condere gentem.
Arms and a man I sing, who first came from the shores of Troy
to Italy and the Lavinian shores, h/b exiled by fate -
he, h/b tossed much both on land and on the deep
by the force of the gods, on account of the mindful anger of savage Juno,
and also having suffered many things in war, until he could found a city
and could bring the gods to Latium - from which [is] the Latin race
and the Alban fathers and the walls of lofty Rome.
Muse, recount to me the reasons, by what divinity h/b offended
or grieving [at] what, the queen of the gods forced a man,
distinguished by piety, to undergo so many misfortunes, to encounter so many labors.
[Is there] such great anger for divine spirits?
There was an ancient city (Tyrian colonists held it)
Carthage, facing at a distance Italy and the mouths of the Tiber,
rich in resources and very fierce in pursuits of war;
which alone Juno is said to have cherished more than all lands,
with Samos h/b esteemed less: here [were] her arms,
here was [her] chariot; if in any way the fates would allow [it], the goddess already then
both aims and favors that this is [will be] the kingdom for the nations.
But, indeed, she had heard that a race is being derived from Trojan blood,
which one day would overturn the Carthaginian citadels;
hence the people, ruling widely and proud in war, will come
for the destruction of Libya: thus the Fates unfold.
Juno, fearing it and mindful of the old war,
which first she had waged against Troy on behalf of the beloved Argos
(not yet even the causes of [her] anger and savage griefs
had perished from [her] mind; the judgement of Paris remains, h/b stored up,
in her deep mind, and the injustice of her beauty h/b rejected
and the hated race and the honors of plundered Ganymede) -
H/b inflamed also by these [things], she was restraining the Trojans,
the remnants of the Greeks and of fierce Achilles, h/b tossed in the whole sea,
far from Latium; through many years
they were wandering, h/b driven by the fates, around all seas.
It was of so great an effort to establish the Roman race.
1.1-33
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Gist of Aeneid (exiled Trojan man suffers and establishes Rome); Muse invocation; how Juno likes Carthage and hates Trojans
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1.1-209
Vix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum
vela dabant laeti et spumas salis aere ruebant,
cum Juno, aeternum servans sub pectore vulnus,
haec secum: "Mene incepto desistere victam
nec posse Italia Teucrorum avertere regem?
Quippe vetor fatis. Pallasne exurere classem
Argivum atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto
unius ob noxam et furias Ajacis Oilei?
Ipsa Jovis rapidum jaculata e nubibus ignem
disjecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis,
illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas
turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto;
ast ego, quae divum incedo regina Jovisque
et soror et conjunx, una cum gente tot annos
bella gero. Et quisquam numen Junonis adoret
praeterea aut supplex aris imponet honorem?'
Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans
nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus Austris,
Aeoliam venit. Hic vasto rex Aeolus antro
luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras
imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat.
Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis
circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce
sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras.
Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum
quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.
Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris
hoc metuens, molemque et montis insuper altos
imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo
et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.
Ad quem tum Juno supplex his vocibus usa est:
'Aeole, namque tibi divum pater atque hominum rex
et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento,
gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor,
Ilium in Italiam portans victosque penates:
incute vim ventis summersasque obrue puppes,
aut age diversos et disjice corpora ponto.
Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae,
quarum quae forma pulcherrima, Deiopea,
conubio jungam stabili propriamque dicabo,
omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos
exigat et pulchra faciat te prole parentem."
Aeolus haec contra: "Tuus, O regina, quid optes
explorare labor; mihi jussa capessere fas est.
Tu mihi, quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Jovemque
concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divum,
nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem."
Scarcely out of sight of the Sicilian land, they [Trojans], happy, were setting sails
into the deep and were rushing the foams of the salt [sea] with the bronze [prow],
when Juno, nursing the eternal wound under [her] chest,
[said] this with herself: “Am I, h/b conquered, to cease from the undertaking
nor be able to keep off the king of the Trojans from Italy?
Surely I am forbidden by the fates. Was Minerva not able to burn the fleet
of the Greeks and to sink themselves in the sea
on account of the crime and fury of one Ajax, son of Oileus?
She herself, having hurled the swift fire of Jupiter from the clouds,
both scattered the ships and overturned the sea with the winds,
she snatched him [Ajax], breathing out flames from (his) chest h/b pierced
by a whirlwind, and impaled [him] on a sharp rock;
but I, who proceeds as queen of the gods and sister
and wife of Jove, wage wars with one race for so many years.
And will anyone worship the divinity of Juno
or hereafter, as a suppliant, place honor on the altars?
Pondering such [things] with herself in [her] inflamed heart, the goddess
comes into the country of storm clouds, Aeolia, a place teeming with raging winds.
Here King Aeolus, in a vast cave, controls
the struggling winds and roaring storms
by command and restrains them by chain and prison.
Those [winds], chafing, with the great murmur of the mountain,
roar around the barriers; Aeolus sits on the lofty citadel,
holding a staff, and tames spirits and calms angers [of the winds].
Unless he should do this, the rapid [winds] would surely carry the seas and lands
and vast sky with themselves and sweep [them] through the air.
But the all-powerful father, fearing this, hid [them] in dark caves
and placed a mass and high mountains above [them],
and gave a king who, by fixed agreement,
having been ordered, knew both to control [them] and to give loose reins.
Then, to him, Juno as a suppliant used these words:
“Aeolus, for to you the father of gods and king of men has given [the power]
both to calm the waves and to raise [them] by wind,
a race hostile to me sails the Tyrrhenian sea
carrying Troy and the household gods h/b conquered into Italy:
strike force into the winds and overwhelm the ships h/b sunken,
or drive [them], h/b scattered, and disperse the bodies in the sea.
There are, to me, twice seven nymphs with excellent figure,
of whom I will unite [with you] Deiopea, who [is] most beautiful in form,
in lasting marriage, and I will pronounce [her] as permanent,
so that she might pass all [her] years with you for such merits
and make you father of beautiful offspring.”
Aeolus [said] these in reply: “Your task, oh queen, [is] to search out
what you desire; it is duty for me to perform [your] commands.
You win over to me whatever this [is] of a kingdom, the scepter and Jove,
you give [me the privilege] to recline at feasts of the gods
and you make [me] ruling of both the clouds and storms.”
1.34-80
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Juno seethes, convincing herself that she should wreck the Trojans. Asks Aeolus to help her; he cooperates.
Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem
impulit in latus: ac venti, velut agmine facto,
qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.
Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis
una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis
Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.
Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum.
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra.
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether,
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.
Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra:
ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas
talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati,
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis
contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis
Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis
non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,
saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit?'
Talia iactanti stridens Aquilone procella
velum adversa ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit.
Franguntur remi; tum prora avertit, et undis
dat latus; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae mons.
Hi summo in fluctu pendent; his unda dehiscens
terram inter fluctus aperit; furit aestus harenis.
Tris Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet
(saxa vocant Itali mediis quae in fluctibus Aras,
dorsum immane mari summo); tris Eurus ab alto
in brevia et syrtis urget, miserabile visu,
inliditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae.
Unam, quae Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten,
ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus
in puppim ferit: excutitur pronusque magister
volvitur in caput; ast illam ter fluctus ibidem
torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vortex.
Adparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto,
arma virum, tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas.
Iam validam Ilionei navem, iam fortis Achati,
et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes,
vicit hiems; laxis laterum compagibus omnes
accipiunt inimicum imbrem, rimisque fatiscunt.
Interea magno misceri murmure pontum,
emissamque hiemem sensit Neptunus, et imis
stagna refusa vadis, graviter commotus; et alto
prospiciens, summa placidum caput extulit unda.
Disjectam Aeneae, toto videt aequore classem,
fluctibus oppressos Troas caelique ruina.
Nec latuere doli fratrem Junonis et irae.
Eurum ad se Zephyrumque vocat, dehinc talia fatur:
'Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri?
Jam caelum terramque meo sine numine, venti,
miscere, et tantas audetis tollere moles?
Quos ego—sed motos praestat componere fluctus.
Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis.
Maturate fugam, regique haec dicite vestro:
non illi imperium pelagi saevumque tridentem,
sed mihi sorte datum. Tenet ille immania saxa,
vestras, Eure, domos; illa se iactet in aula
Aeolus, et clauso ventorum carcere regnet.'
Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat,
collectasque fugat nubes, solemque reducit.
Cymothoe simul et Triton adnixus acuto
detrudunt navis scopulo; levat ipse tridenti;
et vastas aperit syrtis et temperat aequor
atque rotis summas levibus perlabitur undas.
Ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est
seditio, saevitque animis ignobile vulgus,
iamque faces et saxa volant, furor arma ministrat;
tum, pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem
conspexere, silent, arrectisque auribus adstant;
ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet:
sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, aequora postquam
prospiciens genitor caeloque invectus aperto
flectit equos, curruque volans dat lora secundo.
When these [things] have been said, he struck the hollow mountain with a spear
h/b reversed into the side: and the winds, just as with an army h/b made,
rush where an opening was given, and blow over the lands in a storm.
They lay upon the sea and, from the lowest depths,
together the east wind and south wind and southwest wind, crowded with gusts,
overturn the whole [sea] and roll vast waves to the shores.
[Then] follows both the roar of men and the creaking of the ropes.
Suddenly the clouds snatch away both the sky and day
from the eyes of the Trojans; the dark night broods over the sea.
The heavens thundered and the sky flashes with frequent fires [lightning]
and all [things] threaten instant death for the men.
Immediately the limbs of Aeneas are relaxed with a chill [fear];
he groans and, stretching both hands to the stars,
replies such [words] with [his] voice: “Oh three times and four times blessed
[they] to whom it happened to meet death before the faces of the fathers
below the lofty walls of Troy! Oh Diomedes, strongest of the race of the Greeks!
Was it that I could not die on the plains of Troy
and pour out this soul by your right hand,
where fierce Hector lies low [slain] by the spear of Achilles, where huge
Sarpedon [lies low], where the Simois turns so many shields, h/b snatched up
under the waves, and helmets and the strong bodies of men?"
To [his] uttering such [words], a roaring gale by the North Wind
strikes the sail in front, and raises the waves to the stars.
The oars are broken, then the prow turns away and gives the side
to the waves; a towering mountain of water follows in a mass.
These [men] hang on the highest wave; the gaping wave
opens the earth among the waves to them, the tide rages with sands.
The South wind twists three [ships] h/b carried off onto the hiding rocks
(the Italians call the rocks which [are] in the middle [of the] waves Altars,
a huge reef on the surface of the sea); the East wind drives three [ships]
from the deep onto the shallows and reefs, piteous to behold,
and dashes [them] against the shallows and encircles [them] with a bank of sand.
The mighty sea strikes one [ship], which was carrying the Lycians and
faithful Orontes upon the ship from above before his eyes:
the helmsman is cast out headlong and is turned onto [his] head;
but the wave twists thrice that [ship] in the same place,
driving [it] around, and the rapid whirlpool swallows [it] in the sea.
The scattered, floating [men] appear in the vast whirlpool,
the arms of men and planks and Trojan treasure [appear] through the waves.
Now the storm has conquered the strong ship of Ilioneus, now of brave Achates,
and [the ship] on which Abas has been carried, and [the ship] on which old Aletes
[has been carried]; all receive hostile rain through
the loose joints of the sides and split with cracks.
Meanwhile Neptune, h/b greatly disturbed, sensed that the sea
was stirred by a great rumble and that a storm has been sent forth,
and that the still waters have been poured back from the lowest depths;
and, looking out on the deep, he raised [his] calm head from the highest wave.
He sees the fleet of Aeneas h/b scattered on the whole sea,
and the Trojans h/b overwhelmed by the waves and by the downfall of the sky.
Nor did the tricks and angers of Juno escape [her] brother.
He calls the East wind and West wind to himself, then says such [words]:
"Has so great a confidence in your origin held you?
Now do you dare to stir up the sky and land without my divine will
and to raise such great masses, winds?
[You] whom I—! But it is better to calm the waves h/b disturbed.
Afterwards you will atone for [your] crimes to me by no similar punishment.
Hasten [your] flight and say these things to your king:
[that] not to him the command of the sea and the stern trident
has been given but to me by lot. He holds huge rocks,
your homes, East wind; let Aeolus vaunt himself in that court,
and let him rule in the h/b hemmed in prison of the winds.”
Thus he says and, more quickly that a word, he calms the swollen seas
and routs the h/b gathered clouds and leads back the day.
Together Cymothoe and Triton, having striven, dislodge the ships
from the sharp rock; he himself raises [them] with a trident
and opens the vast reefs and calms the sea,
and he glides over the highest waves with swift wheels.
And just as often when, in a great crowd, a riot has risen
and the common crowd rages in [their] minds;
and now torches and rocks fly, rage supplies arms;
then, if by chance, they caught sight of some man heavy with his piety and merits,
they would be silent and stand with ears raised;
he rules [their] minds with words and soothes [their] hearts:
thus the whole crash of the sea subsided, after the father,
looking upon the seas and having been carried in the open sky,
guides the horses and, flying, gives the reins to the favorable chariot.
1.81-156
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Aeolus releases wild winds, which cause a storm. Much destruction to Trojan fleet; Aeneas is depressed. Neptune calms the storm.
Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu
contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras.
Est in secessu longo locus: insula portum
efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto
frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos.
Hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur
in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late
aequora tuta silent; tum silvis scaena coruscis
desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra.
Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum,
intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo,
nympharum domus. Hic fessas non vincula navis
ulla tenent, unco non alligat ancora morsu.
Huc septem Aeneas collectis navibus omni
ex numero subit; ac magno telluris amore
egressi optata potiuntur Troes harena,
et sale tabentis artus in litore ponunt.
Ac primum silici scintillam excudit Achates,
succepitque ignem foliis, atque arida circum
nutrimenta dedit, rapuitque in fomite flammam.
Tum Cererem corruptam undis Cerealiaque arma
expediunt fessi rerum, frugesque receptas
et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo.
Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem
prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem
iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis,
aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici.
Navem in conspectu nullam, tris litore cervos
prospicit errantis; hos tota armenta sequuntur
a tergo, et longum per vallis pascitur agmen.
Constitit hic, arcumque manu celerisque sagittas
corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates;
ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentis
cornibus arboreis sternit, tum vulgus, et omnem
miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam;
nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor
corpora fundat humi, et numerum cum navibus aequet.
Hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes.
Vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes
litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros,
dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet:
'O socii—neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum—
O passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem.
Vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantis
accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopea saxa
experti: revocate animos, maestumque timorem
mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit.
Per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum
tendimus in Latium; sedes ubi fata quietas
ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Trojae.
Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.'
Talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger
spem voltu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem.
The tired men of Aeneas hasten their course to seek the shores
which are nearest, and they turn to the shores of Libya.
There is a place in a far-off inlet: an island forms a bay
with a barrier of the sides, by which every wave from the deep
is broken and splits itself into the bays h/b receded.
On this side and that, vast cliffs and twin rocks tower
into the sky, under whose summit the safe seas
are silent far and wide; then a stage with waving trees
and a black grove with bristling shade overhangs from above;
under the opposite front [is] a cave with hanging rocks,
within, sweet waters and seats in the natural rock,
home of the nymphs. Here not any chains hold the weary ships,
no anchor binds [them] with a hooked bite.
Here Aeneas goes under with seven ships h/b collected
from the whole number; and, with a great love for the land,
the Trojans, having disembarked, gain sand h/b desired,
and they place limbs, dripping with salt, on the shore.
And first Achates struck a spark from flint
and caught up a fire with leaves and gave around dry
fuel and snatched up a flame in tinder.
Then, weary of [their] affairs, they bring out grain, h/b ruined by the waves,
and the utensils of Ceres and they prepare both to roast
the h/b recovered grain with flames and to crush it with a rock.
Aeneas meanwhile climbs a cliff, and he seeks the whole
view far and wide over the sea, if he [should] see any Antheus
h/b tossed by the winds, and the Trojan galleys
or Capys or the arms of Caicus on the high ships.
He sees no ship in sight, [but] three stags
wandering on the shore; a whole herd follows these
from behind, and a long line grazes through the valley.
He stopped here and snatched up both a bow and swift arrows
with [his] hand, weapons which faithful Achates was was carrying;
and first he lays low the leaders themselves, bearing lofty heads
with branching horns, then he confuses the herd and the whole
crowd, driving with weapons among the leafy forests;
nor does he stop before, as victor, he pours out seven huge bodies
on the ground and makes equal [their] number with the ships.
From here he heads for the harbor and divides [them] among all comrades.
Then he divides the wine which good hero Acestes had loaded into jars
on the Sicilian shore and had given to [those] departing,
and he soothes [their] mournful hearts with words:
“Oh comrades (for we are not ignorant of troubles before),
oh [you] having suffered heavier [things], the god will also give end to these.
You both have approached the madness of Scylla and the roaring
cliffs deeply within, and you have experienced the Cyclopean
rocks: recall your spirits and send away gloomy fear;
and perhaps at some time it will be pleasing to have remembered these [things].
Through varied misfortunes, through so many dangers of situations,
we hasten into Latium, where the fates promise peaceful abodes;
there it is divine will that the kingdom of Troy rises again.
Endure, and save yourselves for favorable affairs.”
He says such [words] with a voice and, sick with huge cares,
he feigns hope on [his] face, he represses deep grief in [his] heart.
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The battered Trojans end up at Libya and begin recuperating. Aeneas shoots seven stags and gives a pep talk.
